NCERT syllabus for class 12th & List Of Experiments

Get the subject wise Latest NCERT syllabus for class 12^th Physics, Maths, Chemistry, English Core, Biology, Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics, Hindi Core, Hindi Elective, History, Political Science, Physical Education, Computer Science, English Core etc.,

NCERT Class 12th Physics Syllabus

Sr. No.	Name	Number of Periods	Marks
Unit I	Electrostatics
	Chapter-1: Electric Charges and Fields	22	15
	Chapter-2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Unit II	Current Electricity	20
	Chapter-3: Current Electricity
Unit III	Magnetic Effect of Current & Magnetism	22	16
	Chapter-4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
	Chapter-5: Magnetism and Matter
Unit IV	Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Current	20
	Chapter-6: Electromagnetic Induction
	Chapter-7: Alternating Current
Unit V	Electromagnetic Waves	04	17
	Chapter-8: Electromagnetic Waves
Unit VI	Optics	25
	Chapter-9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
	Chapter-10: Wave Optics
Unit VII	Dual Nature of Matter	08	10
	Chapter-11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Unit VIII	Atoms & Nuclei	14
	Chapter-12: Atoms
	Chapter-13: Nuclei
Unit IX	Electronic Devices	15	12
	Chapter-14:  Semiconductor  Electronics
Unit X	Communication Systems	10
	Chapter-15: Communication Systems
	Total		70

 

List of Experiments: Section A

1. To determine resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph for potential difference versus current.
2. To find resistance of a given wire using metre bridge and hence determine the resistivity (specific resistance) of its material.
3. To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge.
4. To verify the Laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge.
5. To compare the EMF of two given primary cells using potentiometer.
6. To determine the internal resistance of given primary cell using potentiometer.
7. To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.
8. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.
9. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an ammeter of desired range and to verify the same.
10. To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.

List of Experiments: Section B

1. To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror and to rind the focal length.
2. To find the focal Length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.
3. To find the focal Length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v. 
4. To find the focal Length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.
5. To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between angle of incidence and angle of deviation.
6. To determine refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
7. To find refractive index of a liquid by using convex Lens and plane mirror.
8. To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction in forward bias and reverse bias.
9. To draw the characteristic curve of a Zener diode and to determine its reverse break down voltage.
10. To study the characteristic of a common – emitter npn or pnp transistor and to find out the values of current and voltage gains.

NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus

Unit No.	Title	No. of Periods	Marks
Unit I	Solid State	10	23
Unit II	Solutions	10
Unit III	Electrochemistry	12
Unit IV	Chemical Kinetics	10
Unit V	Surface Chemistry	08
Unit VI	Isolation of Elements	08	19
Unit VII	p-Block Elements	12
Unit VIII	d- and f-Block Elements	12
Unit IX	Coordination Compounds	12
Unit X	Haloalkanes and Haloarenes	10	28
Unit XI	Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers	10
Unit XII	Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids	10
Unit XIII	Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen	10
Unit XIV	Biomolecules	12
Unit XV	Polymers	08
Unit XVI	Chemistry in Everyday Life	06
	Total		70

List of experiment

1. Surface chemistry

(a) Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol

Lyophilic sol – starch, egg albumin and gum

Lyophobic sol- aluminium hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, arsenous sulphide.

(b) Dialysis of sol-prepared in (a) above.

(c) Study of the role of emulsifying agents in stabilizing the emulsion of different oils.

1. Chemical Kinetics

(a) Effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid.

(b) Study of reaction rates of any one of the following:

(i) Reaction of Iodide ion with Hydrogen Peroxide at room temperature using different concentration of Iodide ions.

(ii) Reaction between Potassium lodate, (KIO₃,) and Sodium Sulphite: (Na₂SO₃,) using starch solution as indicator (clock reaction).

1. Thermochemistry

Any one of the following experiments

1. i) Enthalpy of dissolution of Copper Sulphate or Potassium Nitrate.
2. ii) Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid (HCl) and strong base (NaOH).

iii) Determination of enthalpy change during interaction (Hydrogen bond formation) between Acetone and Chloroform.

1. Electrochemistry

Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn²⁺ || Cu²⁺/Cu with change in concentration of electrolytes (CuSO₄ or ZnSO₄) at room temperature.

1. Chromatography
2. i) Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper chromatography and determination of Rf values.
3. ii) Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture containing two cations only (constituents having large difference in Rf values to be provided).
4. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds
5. i) Preparation of double salt of Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate or Potash Alum.
6. ii) Preparation of Potassium Ferric Oxalate.
7. Preparation of Organic Compounds

Preparation of any one of the following compounds

1. i) Acetanilide
2. ii) Di -benzal Acetone

iii) p-Nitroacetanilide

1. iv) Aniline yellow or 2 – Naphthol Aniline dye.
2. Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds:

Unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (Primary) groups.

1. Characteristic tests of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure samples and their detection in given food stuffs.
2. Determination of concentration? Molarity of KMnO₄solution by titrating it against a standard solution of:
3. i) Oxalic acid,
4. ii) Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate

(Students will be required to prepare standard solutions by weighing themselves).

1. Qualitative analysis

Determination of one cation and one anion in a given salt.

Cation ‒ Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺ As³⁺, Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Mn²⁺ , Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺

Anions ‒ CO₃ ^2‒, S^2‒, SO₃^2‒, SO₄^2‒, NO₂^‒, NO₃^‒, Cl^‒, Br^‒, I^‒, PO₄^3‒, C₂O₄^2‒, CH₃COO^‒

 

NCERT Class 12th Biology Syllabus

 

Unit No.	Title	No. of Periods	Marks
Unit VI	Reproduction	30	14
Unit VII	Genetics and Evolution	40	18
Unit VIII	Biology and Human Welfare	30	14
Unit IX	Biotechnology and its Applications	30	10
Unit X	Ecology and Environment	30	14
	Total	160	70

 

List of Experiments

1. Study pollen germination on a slide.
2. Collect and study soil from at least two different sites and study them for texture, moisture content, pH and water holding capacity. Correlate with the kinds of plants found in them.

• Collect water from two different water bodies around you and study them for pH, clarity and presence of any living organism.

1. Study the presence of suspended particulate matter in air at two widely different sites.
2. Study the plant population density by quadrat method.
3. Study the plant population frequency by quadrat method.

• Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis.
• Study the effect of different temperatures and three different pH on the activity of salivary amylase on starch.

1. Isolate DNA from available plant material such as spinach, green pea seeds, papaya, etc.
2. Study/observation of the following (Spotting)
3. Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects, birds).
4. Pollen germination on stigma through a permanent slide.

• Identification of stages of gamete development, i.e., T.S. of testis and T.S. of ovary through permanent slides (from grasshopper mice).

1. Meiosis in onion bud cell or grasshopper testis through permanent slides.
2. T.S. of blastula through permanent slides (Mammalian).
3. Mendelian inheritance using seeds of different colour/sizes of any plant.

• Prepared pedigree charts of any one of the genetic traits such as rolling of tongue, blood groups, ear lobes, widow’s peak and colour blindness.
• Controlled pollination –  emasculation, tagging and bagging.

1. Common disease causing organisms Like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, Roundworm through permanent slides or specimens. Comment on symptoms of diseases that they cause.
2. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in xeric conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.
3. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in aquatic conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.

 

NCERT Class 12 Mathematics Syllabus

Unit No.	Title	No. of Periods	Marks
I	Relation and Functions	30	10
II	Algebra	50	13
III	Calculus	80	44
IV	Vectors and Three – Dimensional Geometry	30	17
V	Linear Programming	20	06
VI	Probability	30	10
	Total	240	100

• Unit-I: Sets and Functions
  Relations & Functions
  • Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 

• Unit-II: Algebra
  Matrices
  • Determinants

 

• Unit-III: Calculus
  Continuity and Differentiability
  • Applications of Derivatives
  • Integrals
  • Applications of the Integrals
  • Differential Equations

 

• Unit-IV: Vectors and Three – Dimensional Geometry
  Vectors
  • Three – dimensional Geometry
  Unit-V: Linear Programming
  • Linear Programming

 

• Unit-VI: Probability
  Probability

 

NCERT Class 12th Hindi Core Syllabus

खण्ड	विषय	अंक
(क)	अपठित अंश	20
	1. अपठित गद्यांश – बोध (गद्यांश पर आधारित बोध, प्रयोग, रचनांतरण, शीर्षक आदि पर लघूत्तरात्मक प्रश्न [शीर्षक पर प्रशन (1 अंक) + 7 लघूत्तरात्मक (2×7)]	10
	2. अपठित काव्यांश-बोध (काव्यांश पर आधारित पाँच लघूत्तरात्मक प्रश्न) (1×5)	05
(ख)	कार्यालयी हिदी और रचनात्मक लेखन	25
	3. किसी एक विषय पर अनुच्छेद	05
	4. कार्यालयी पत्र	05
	5. प्रिंट माध्यम, सम्पादकीय, रिपोर्ट, आलेख आदि पर पाँच अतिलघूत्तरात्मक प्रश्न	05
	6. किसी एक विषय पर आलेख अथवा हाल ही में पढ़ी पुस्तक की समीक्षा	05
	7. जीवन-संदर्भों से जुड़ी घटनाओं और स्थितियों पर फीचर लेखन	05
(ग)	पाठ्यपुस्तक	55
	1) आरोह भाग-2	40
	अ) काव्य भाग	20
	8. दो काव्यांशों में से किसी एक पर अर्थग्रहण के चार प्रश्न (2×4)	08
	9. काव्यांश की सौंदर्यबोध पर किसी एक काव्यांश पर तीन प्रश्न (2×3)	06
	10. कविताओं की विषय-वस्तु से संबंधित दो लघूत्तरात्मक प्रश्न (3+3)	06
	ब) गद्य भाग-2 (पूरक पाठ्य पुस्तक)	20
	11. एक गद्यांश पर आधारित अर्थग्रहण क चार प्रश्न (2+2+2+2)	08
	12. पाठों की विषयवस्तु पर आधारित चार बोधात्मक प्रश्न (3+3+3+3)	12
	2) वितान भाग-2 (पूरक पाठ्य पुस्तक)	15
	13. पाठों की विषयवस्तु पर आधारित एक मूल्यपरक प्रश्न (1×5)	05
	14. विषयवस्तु पर आधारित दो निबंधात्मक प्रश्न (5+5)	10
	कुल	100

NCERT Class 12th Hindi Elective Syllabus

 

खण्ड	विषय	अंक
( क )	अपठित अंश	20
	1. अपठित गद्यांश पर आधारित बोध, प्रयोग, रचनांतरण, शीर्षक आदि पर लघूत्तरात्मक प्रश्न [उपयुक्तशीर्षक (1 अंक) + लघु प्रश्न (2×7)]	15
	2. अपठित काव्यांश पर आधारित पाँच अति लघूत्तरात्मक प्रश्न (1×5)	05
(ख)	कार्यालयी हिंदी और रचनात्मक लेखन (पुस्तक : अभिव्यक्ति और माध्यम)	25
	3. किसी एक विषय पर निबंध (विकल्प सहित)	10
	4. कार्यालयी पत्र (विकल्प सहित)	05
	5. जनसंचार माध्यम और पत्रकारिता के विविध आयामों पर पाँच लघूत्तरात्मक प्रश्न (1×5)	05
	6. रचनात्मक लेखन पर एक प्रश्न (5×1)	05
(ग)	पाठ्यपुस्तक	55
	1) अंतरा भाग-2
	अ) काव्य भाग	20
	7. एक काव्यांश की सप्रसंग व्याख्या	08
	8. कविता kके कथ्य पर दो प्रश्न (3+3)	06
	9. कविताओं के काव्य-सौंदर्य पर दो प्रश्न (3 + 3)	06
	ब) गद्य भाग	20
	10. एक गद्यांश की सप्रसंग व्याख्या	06
	11. पाठों की विषयवस्तु पर दो प्रश्न (4+4)	08
	12. किसी एक लेखक/कवि का साहित्यिक परिचय	06
	2)  अंतराल भाग-2	15
	13. पाठों की विषयवस्तु पर आधारित एक मूल्यपरक प्रश्न	05
	14. विषयवस्तु पर आधारित दो निबंधात्मक प्रश्न (5 + 5)	10
कुल	100

 

NCERT Class 12th English Core Syllabus

 

Section	Areas	Marks
A	Reading Comprehension	30
B	Writing Skills	30
C	Literature Textbooks and Long Reading Text	40
Total	100

 

• Section – A – Reading Skills
  Factual passages
  • Descriptive passages
  • Literary passages
  • A third passage of 400-500 words for note-making and abstraction.

 

• Section – B – Writing Skills
  Short Answer Questions, e.g., advertisement and notices, designing or drafting posters, writing formal and informal invitations and replies.
  • Long Answer Questions: Letters based on verbal /visual input.
  • Very Long Answer Questions: Two compositions such as an article, a debate or a speech or a report.

 

• Section – C – Literary Textbooks and long reading text/novel
  Flamingo and Vistas
  a.) Very Short Answer Questions – Based on an extract from poetry to test comprehension and appreciation.
  b.)  Short Answer Questions – Based on prose / drama / poetry from both the texts.
  c.) Long Answer Question – Based on texts to test global comprehension and extrapolation beyond the texts to bring out the key messages and values.
  d.)  Long Answer Question – Based on texts to test global comprehension along with analysis and extrapolation.
  e.)  Long Answer Question – Based on theme, plot and incidents from the prescribed novels.
  f.)  Long Answer Question – Based on understanding appreciation, analysis and interpretation of the character sketch.

NCERT Class 12 English Elective Syllabus

 

Section – A – Reading an unseen passage and a poem
• VSAQs: Literary or discursive passage of about 900-1000 words.
• SAQs: A poem of about 24-28 lines to test interpretation and appreciation.

Section – B – Writing
• Long Answer Question: A short writing.
• Very Long Answer Question: A composition such as an article / a report / a speech.
• Very Short Answer Question: Transformation of sentences.

Section – C – Literature Textbooks/Drama/Fiction
• Literature Textbooks: Kaleidoscope
a.)  Short Answer Questions: To test understanding and appreciation
b.)  Long Answer Question: To test deeper understanding, interpretation, appreciation, drawing of inferences and evaluation.
• Fiction
a.)  Long Answer Questions: Seeking comments, interpretation, evaluation and appreciation of characters, events, episodes and interpersonal relationships.
b.)  Very Long Answer Question: To test deeper understanding, interpretation, appreciation and drawing inferences.

 

NCERT Class 12th Political Science Syllabus

 

Unit No.	Name of Units (Periods)	Marks
Part A: Contemporary World Politics
1	Cold War Era (14)	14
2	The End of bipolarity (13)
3	US Hegemony in World Politics (13)	16
4	Alternative centres of Power (11)
5	Contemporary South Asia (13)
6	International Organizations (13)	10
7	Security in Contemporary World (11)
8	Environment and Natural Resources (11)	10
9	Globalisation (11)
	Total (110)	50
Part B: Politics in India since Independence
10	Challenges of Nation-Building (13)	16
11	Era of One-party Dominance (12)
12	Politics of Planned Development (11)
13	India’s External relations (13)	6
14	Challenges to the Congress System (13)	12
15	Crisis of the Democratic Order (13)
16	Rise of Popular Movements (11)	16
17	Regional aspirations (11)
18	Recent Developments in Indian Politics (13)
	Total (110 Periods)	50

 

NCERT Class 12th History Syllabus

Units	Marks	Periods
Themes in Indian History Part-I Units 1 – 4	25	55
Themes in Indian History Part-II Units 5 – 9	25	65
Themes in Indian History Part-III Units 10 – 15	25	80
Unit 16 : Map Work	05	10
Project work	20	10
	100 (Marks)	220 (Periods)

Note: There is no change in the syllabus. Value Based Question can be from Part-1, 2, 3 of textbooks and carry 04 marks. Accordingly teacher can reduce weightage of the corresponding section.

PART – I

 

1. The Story of the First Cities: Harappan Archaeology.
   2. Political and Economic History: How Inscriptions tell a story.
   3. Social Histories: Using the Mahabharata
   4. A History of Buddhism: Sanchi Stupa

PART-II

1. Agrarian Relations: The Ain-i- Akbari
   6. The Mughal Court: Reconstructing
   7. New Architecture: Hampi (13)
   8. Religious Histories: The Bhakti-Sufi Tradition
   9. Medieval Society through Travelers

PART – III

1. Colonialism and Rural Society: Evidence from Official Reports
   11. Representations of 1857
   12. Colonialism and Indian Towns
   13. Mahatma Gandhi through Contemporary (13)
   14. Partition through Oral Sources
   15. The Making of the Constitution
2. Map Work on Units 1-15
3. Project Work (10 periods)

NCERT Class 12th Geography Syllabus

S. No.               Unit                                     Marks
Part A  Fundamentals of Human Geography      35
Part B  India: People and Economy                     35
Part C  Practical Work                                          30
Total                                                                   100

Part A – Fundamentals of Physical Geography
• Unit-1: Human Geography: Nature and Scope
• Unit-2: People
• Unit-3: Human Activities
• Unit-4: Transport, Communication and Trade
• Unit-5: Human Settlements
Part B – India-Physical Environment
• Unit-7: People
• Unit-8: Human Settlements
• Unit-9: Resources and Development
• Unit-10: Transport, Communication and International Trade
• Unit 11: Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems

 

NCERT Class 12th Economics Syllabus

Units	Marks	Periods
Part A: Introductory Microeconomics
Introduction	4	8
Consumer’s Equilibrium  and Demand	13	32
Producer Behaviour and Supply	13	32
Forms of Market and Price Determination under perfect competition with simple applications	10	28
	40	100
Part B: Introductory Macroeconomics
National Income and Related Aggregates	10	32
Money and Banking	6	18
Determination of Income and Employment	12	27
Government Budget and the Economy	6	17
Balance of Payments	6	16
	40	100
Project Work	20	20

NCERT Class 12th Accountancy Syllabus

Units		Periods	Marks
Part A: Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies
Unit ‒ 1	Accounting for Partnership Firms	90	35
Unit ‒ 2	Accounting for Companies	60	25
		150	60
Part B: Financial Statement Analysis
Unit ‒ 3	Financial Statements Analysis	30	12
Unit ‒ 4	Cash Flow Statement	20	8
		50	20
Part C: Project Work	40	20
	Project will include:
	Project File	4 Marks
	Written Test	12 Marks (one hour)
	Viva Voice	4 Marks
OR
Part B: Computerized Accounting
	Unit 3. Computerized Accounting	50	20
Part C: Practical Work	26	20
	Practical work will include
	Practical File	4 Marks
	Practical Examination	12 Marks (one hour)
	Viva Voice’	4 Marks

NCERT Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus

Units		Periods	Marks
Part A: Principles and Functions of Management
1	Nature and Significance of Management	14	16
2	Principles of Management	14
3	Business Environment	12
4	Planning	14	14
5	Organizing	18
6	Staffing	16	20
7.	Directing	18
8	Controlling	14
		120	50
Part B: Business Finance and Marketing
9	Financial Management	22	15
10	Financial Markets	20
11	Marketing Management	32	15
12	Consumer Protection	16
Part C: Project Work	30	20

NCERT Class 12 Computer Science Syllabus

Class 12 (Theory) – Python  | Total Marks: 70

Unit No.	Unit Name	Marks
1	Object Oriented Programming with Python	24
2	Advanced Programming with Python	20
3	Database Management System and SQL	8
4	Boolean Algebra	8
5	Communication Technologies	10
Total	70

 

Class 12 (Theory) – C++ | Total Marks: 70

Unit No.	Unit Name	Marks
1.	OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN C++	30
2.	DATA STRUCTURE	14
3.	DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND SQL	8
4.	BOOLEAN ALGEBRA	8
5.	COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES	10
Total	70

 

Class XII (Practical) – C++

The duration practical will be of 3 Hours and total marks will be of 30 marks.
• Programming in C++: One programming problem in C++ to be developed and tested in Computer during the examination.
• SQL Commands: Five Query questions based on a particular Table/Relation to be tested practically on Computer during the examination.
• Project Work: The project has to be developed in Python language with Object Oriented Technology.
• Practical File: Minimum 20 programs.
• Viva Voce: Viva will be asked from syllabus covered in class XII and the project developed by student.

NCERT Class 12th Physical Education 

 Theory
Unit-I : Planning in Sports
Unit-II : Sports & Nutrition
Unit-III : Yoga & Lifestyle
Unit-IV : Physical Education & Sports for Differently-Abled
Unit-V : Children & Sports
Unit-VI : Women & Sports
Unit-VII : Test & Measurement in Sports
Unit-VIII : Physiology & Sports
Unit-IX : Sports Medicine
Unit-X : Kinesiology, Biomechanics & Sports
Unit-XI : Psychology & Sports
Unit-XII : Training in Sports

 

Detail of Practicals (Maximum marks 30)

		Max. Marks 30
I.	Physical Fitness – AAHPER	10
II.	Skills of any one Team Game of choice from the given list*	10
III.	Viva	05
IV.	Record File**	05